Configure Sudo to separate users' duty if some people share privileges. [1] Install Sudo.
root@dlp:~# aptitude -y install sudo
[2] Transfer root privilege to a user all.
root@dlp:~# visudo
# add to the end: user 'xerus' can use all root privilege
xerus ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
# how to write ⇒ destination host=(owner) command
# push 'Ctrl + x' key to quit visudo
# verify with user 'xerus'
xerus@dlp:~$ /sbin/shutdown -r now
shutdown: Need to be root # denied normally
xerus@dlp:~$ sudo /sbin/shutdown -r now
[sudo] password for xerus: # xerus's password
Broadcast message from root@dlp
(/dev/pts/0) at 17:33 ...
The system is going down for reboot NOW! # executed
[3] In addition to the setting [1], set that some commands are not allowed.
root@dlp:~# visudo # add alias for the kind of shutdown commands # Cmnd alias specification Cmnd_Alias SHUTDOWN = /sbin/halt, /sbin/shutdown, \ /sbin/poweroff, /sbin/reboot, /sbin/init # add ( commands in alias 'SHUTDOWN' are not allowed ) xerus ALL=(ALL) ALL, !SHUTDOWN # verify with user 'xerus' xerus@dlp:~$ sudo /sbin/shutdown -r now [sudo] password for xerus: Sorry, user xerus is not allowed to execute '/sbin/shutdown -r now' as root on dlp.server.world. # denied normally
[4] Transfer some commands with root privilege to users in a group.
root@dlp:~# visudo # add aliase for the kind of user management comamnds # Cmnd alias specification Cmnd_Alias USERMGR = /usr/sbin/adduser, /usr/sbin/useradd, /usr/sbin/newusers, \ /usr/sbin/deluser, /usr/sbin/userdel, /usr/sbin/usermod, /usr/bin/passwd # add to the end %usermgr ALL=(ALL) USERMGR root@dlp:~# groupadd usermgr root@dlp:~# vi /etc/group # add a user in this group usermgr:x:1002:xerus # verify with user 'xerus' xerus@dlp:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/useradd testuser xerus@dlp:~$ # done normally xerus@dlp:~$ sudo /usr/bin/passwd testuser Enter new UNIX password: # set testuser's password Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
[5] Transfer some commands with root privilege to a user.
root@dlp:~# visudo
# add to the end
fedora ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/visudo
cent ALL=(ALL) /usr/sbin/adduser, /usr/sbin/useradd, /usr/sbin/newusers, \
/usr/sbin/deluser, /usr/sbin/userdel, /usr/sbin/usermod, /usr/bin/passwd
suse ALL=(ALL) /usr/bin/vim
# verify with user 'fedora'
fedora@dlp:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/visudo
# possible to open and edit
## Sudoers allows particular users to run various commands as
## the root user, without needing the root password.
##
# verify with user 'cent'
cent@dlp:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/userdel -r testuser
cent@dlp:~$ # done normally
# verify with user 'suse'
suse@dlp:~$ sudo /usr/bin/vim /root/.profile
# possible to edit or save
# ~/.profile: executed by Bourne-compatible login shells.
[6] The logs for sudo are kept in '/var/log/auth.log', but there are many kind of logs in it. So if you'd like to keep only sudo's log in a file, Set like follows.
root@dlp:~# visudo # add to the end Defaults syslog=local1 root@dlp:~# vi /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf # line 8: add local1.* /var/log/sudo.log auth,authpriv.* /var/log/auth.log *.*;auth,authpriv.none -/var/log/syslog root@dlp:~# systemctl restart rsyslog
